Wednesday, April 18, 2018

Ps 110 (Part Three: The Day)


                The Lord / on your right / shatters
                Kings / on his day of anger

                He executes judgment / among the nations
                Heaping up corpses
                Shattering heads
                The wide world over

                He drinks / from the stream / beside the road
                Therefore he holds / his head high

Who is who? The psalm opened with the king being enthroned on Yhwh’s “right”. But here, when the psalmist contemplates the king as a priest, the “Lord” is on the right. The only person “on the right” in this psalm is the king, but are we to see him as now “The Lord”? The “he” of the following verses would indicate it is the king. It is difficult to picture Yhwh as “drinking from the stream” and therefore “lifting his head high”. The middle portion works either way—with either Yhwh shattering the kings’ head or the priest-king.  Or, is the “right” here just metaphorical, a position that Yhwh is often seen in when he protects his chosen ones?

I think the psalm is intentionally fusing the two together—the priest-king and Yhwh. In the first part of the psalm, the oracle is delivered, and then it says “your (king) strong scepter will Yhwh (Lord) extend from Zion, so that you rule your enemies around you.” The scepter is the ‘kings’ but it is Yhwh who “extends it”. The two are seen as “working together” in some fashion. Then, “your people will volunteer on your (king) day of power.” In this second portion of the psalm, the two are fused together—the Lord-and-priest-king shatters “kings” on “his day of anger”. It is both Yhwh and the king who shatter and it is both Yhwh and the king’s “day of anger.”

Doing this analysis is important because of a profound point that emerges. The prophets always look forward to the “day of the Lord”. It is a day when the Age changes. When Yhwh turns the ages from old to new and establishes his justice and Israel. But, here, that “day” is now the day of both Yhwh and his priest-king. It is as if Yhwh, in the king, and the king in Yhwh, turn a great key that turns the ages, like some great clock. Their intimacy is so profound that the psalmist fuses them together in this second portion of the psalm. What was very closely wed in the first part is now “one flesh” in the second. 

This is why, I think, the reference to Melchizadek was made—this is not simply David, although he will come from David. This psalm is looking forward to a future priest-king. One who will be after David because he was before David. One who will fulfill the Davidic covenant of establishing a perpetual kingship, but who will fulfill it as, also, a perpetual priest. Of course, David is not from the tribe of Levi, so this future priest’s authority must arise from a different authority or priesthood. But, crucially, the psalmist looks backward to a time when the priesthood and the kingship was united—in Melchizadek. This future priest-king though will, arguably, exceed his authority, because he will only be “on the pattern of Melchizadek”. The momentum of this psalm, and its unity of Yhwh and the priest-king in their actions and their “day”, is toward a king who will be the glory of Yhwh, his perfect image.

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